However, for standard text searching and various retrieval operations, a large collection of data covering a wide range of topics of general interest are required. Data have been collected from email, tweets, or written and spoken words from various news agencies by different organizations and research groups. For example, some interesting works have considered Urdu for basic operations such as stemming, lemmatization, chunking, information extraction, and NER. Based on the lack of resources and dedicated consortiums for Urdu, research on Urdu has largely been limited to domain-specific or task-based research. Such collections are not available for the Urdu language. However, the availability of several advanced benchmark collections for these languages through evaluation-based consortiums was critical for their development. TREC emphasized test collections in English during its initial phases, but eventually included monolingual and cross-lingual retrieval activities for other European and Asian languages. Western languages have many resources from the IR perspective, whereas Urdu lags significantly in terms of available resources. Together, these forums have developed text collections for English and several other European and Asian languages.
![online urdu inpage viewer online urdu inpage viewer](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lIOFIWxmOGA/YHf2tpqlQbI/AAAAAAAABGA/n9rRov6KE4ETiZ0LABVMp851KyiikIdegCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/persian-alphabets-learn.jpg)
![online urdu inpage viewer online urdu inpage viewer](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Z1nm6jTTtnM/maxresdefault.jpg)
They also provide service for languages from different geographic regions. provide benchmark test collections and offer platforms for participating and engaging in various text processing tasks. and the Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation (FIRE)ĥ 5 Last visited: 28-01-2020. The NII Testbeds and Community for Information Access ResearchĤ 4 Last visited: 28-01-2020. The TREC ideology was adopted in other initiatives such as the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, which was formerly known as the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum.ģ 3 Last visited: 28-01-2020. The TREC text collection mainly consists of a set of news documents. Its goal was to provide a basis for research within the IR community by providing the infrastructure necessary for the large-scale evaluation of text retrieval methodologies.
![online urdu inpage viewer online urdu inpage viewer](https://ilmilog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/urdu-inpage-software-free-download-latest-version-for-windows.jpg)
TREC was started in 1992 as part of the TIPSTER Text Program. which is co-sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and TechnologyĢ 2 Last visited: 28-01-2020. Worldwide, most text processing related research occurs through evaluation-based consortiums such as the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC),ġ 1 Last visited: 28-01-2020. Experimentation based on new algorithms and techniques for various IR and natural language processing (NLP) tasks, as well as the development of language tools, requires benchmark collections. This is because only limited resources and data collections were available for evaluation. Research on information retrieval (IR) prior to the 1990s was relatively limited and immature. Urdu is known to have a rich and complex morphology and its syntax structure is composed of a combination of Persian, Sanskrit, English, Turkish, and Arabic structures.
![online urdu inpage viewer online urdu inpage viewer](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N7w9bQLtsCs/YHPuSB7xw8I/AAAAAAAABF0/BL1-JImiTz8JqUQdYxEnSIPawQ6cUCpjgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/what-is-urdu-history-types.jpg)
The family tree of Urdu traces back to a mixture of Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, and Indo-Aryan lingo evolution. Urdu was initially derived from the Perso-Arabic script of Iran, is written from right to left like Arabic or Persian, and is characterized by the Nasta`liq format. It is the national language of Pakistan and has over 300 million speakers spread worldwide, with a large portion of this population residing in the Indian subcontinent. Urdu belongs to the Perso-Arabic cluster of languages and is mainly composed of words from Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit.